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This page uses images which re-size to maintain a constant appearance across all browsers and resolutions. Please allow scripts or ActiveX controls to run if asked. Background to the different types of Alt+ and HTML entity codes
Fanfiction.net display issues
Table of all characters having Named Entity or Alt+ codes
Other symbols accessible through Word
Table showing some attractive characters not already covered

Character Codes:

a comprehensive list of Numeric and Named Entity HTML codes and Windows Alt+ numbers, with notes on the restrictions affecting the use of special characters on Fanfiction.net.
updated as at February 2010

This page is a subsidiary of my Fanfiction.net how-to page, which explains the vagaries of Ffn's text-handling in more detail.

The main table below shows the various original ASCII characters plus all those which have an HTML Named Entity code, and how they may be encoded in HTML in order to get them to display on a web-page, even if they cannot be pasted directly into the underlying code. There is also a subsidiary table showing a selection of other attractive characters which display correctly on Ffn and which can be used to form atttractive section breaks. [A complete list of all possible characters isn't feasible on a page like this, as there are over 100,000 of them.]

All of the characters have at least one reference-number which can be encoded in HTML in the form ampersand, hash, number-code, semi-colon, and many have more than one. Many also have a Named Entity or "friendly" code which actually describes the character in text, such as e.g. ô, which encodes a small o with a circumflex accent, viz.: ô.

The main table also shows codes which can be used in Windows to type many of these characters - most of which canot be found on your keyboard - directly, by holding down the Alt key and tapping the relevant number on the number pad (not on the numbers along the top of the keyboard). There are two different systems for doing this (see next section below).

Note that whilst these are all the keyboard characters, plus all the characters which have an HTML Named Entity code, there are many thousands more HTML number-codes for foreign alphabets and for specialised technical purposes. You can find a complete list of these in the Unicode section of FileFormat.Info, The Digital Rosetta Stone. At the bottom of the page you will see a list of some of these extra characters which can be accessed in Word, and a few which can't but which do work on Ffn and can be used to make attractive patterns.

Background

As far as I've been able to ascertain, the various Alt+ and HTML codes originate as follows:

The original 7-bit ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) system assigned numbers from 0-127 to ninety-four standard Latin-alphabetic and numeric characters, thirty-three control codes (many of them intended for use by teletype machines, and now obsolete), and the general space character. It was devised in the early 1960s and was based on telegraph codes. These numbers (in binary form) were used to tell the computer to generate a particular character on-screen.

[Seven bits is seven layers of binary code, 2×2×2×2×2×2×2, with each successive bit doubling the range of possible numbers which can be encoded. Computers work in 8-bit "bytes", but the original ASCII code was restricted to seven bits to save on transmission times, and the remaining bit was reserved for use as an error-detection device called a "parity bit".]

It was soon realised that other character-codes would be needed, and the system was expanded to 8-bit, doubling the available character numbers. Initially the numbers 128-255 were mainly used for box-drawing characters such as ╔═╤╗ which could be used to create attractive layouts on early computer screens, but as more advanced graphic systems became available, these characters were superceded by Latin characters with accents, and non-U.S. currency symbols and similar. A variety of slightly different 8-bit versions of ASCII were produced for use in different regions.

An extended version, called ANSI because supposedly it was originally intended for submission to the American National Standards Institute, was introduced by Windows in the mid 1980s in order to provide codes for other alphabets such as Greek, Cyrillic and Hebrew. ANSI works by reserving the first 128 characters (0-127) for the original ASCII character-set, and then switching between several different character-sets for the numbers 128-255.

These ASCII and ANSI character-codes can be organised into tables, called "code pages", which associate numbers with particular characters. By the mid 1980s there were several different systems for determining what was on the code pages and how the numbers and characters matched up, although all of them still started with those same initial 128 ASCII characters.

The Windows-based Alt+ numbers are codes which can be used to generate particular characters by holding down the Alt key and typing the relevant number on the number pad. They work by associating the numbers with positions on a code-page, and there are two different number-series, which relate to two different code-pages and therefore generate slightly different character-sets from 128 and above.

Firstly, there are a set of numbers with no leading zero, relating to the OEM ("Original Equipment Manufacturer") code-pages which Windows inherited from DOS. These numbers are often the shortest and easiest ones to use with Alt+, but should be treated with caution. Generally, European-based computers use code-page 850, and U.S.-based ones use code-page 437, with the result that a few of these numbers actually result in different characters on U.S. and European systems. The ones shown here are the European ones.

Then there are the Alt+ numbers beginning with a zero, which refer to the Western European character-set on the ANSI code page Windows-1252. This is laid out differently from the OEM code pages, so that above 127 the same number generates a different character according to whether or not it is preceded by a zero. Alt+92 and Alt+092 both generate a backslash \, but Alt+174 is a left angle quote «, whilst Alt+0174 is a "registered trademark" sign ®.

The fact that different systems and countries use different code pages can be a source of confusion: you may think you are typing a particular character into e.g. an email message but what the computer "sees" is a number which corresponds to that character. The recipient's computer may be using a different code-page which links that number to a different character, resulting in messages peppered with strange letters and symbols.

The Windows-1252 character/number correspondences are recognised by most browsers and can be used to encode special characters in HTML files, by inserting the number, with or without its initial zero, into a Numeric Entity code. E.g., º or º both code for the masculine ordinal º, which can also be generated using Alt+0186.

There is also a general, non-Windows-based character set called ISO-8859-1, which uses similar character/number correspondences to Windows-1252, except that the numbers 128-159 are used for control codes rather than printable characters. However, most browsers, even when reading websites which claim to be encoded in ISO-8859-1, do honour the Numeric Entity codes from 128-159. Just be aware that there is a small chance of these characters behaving unpredictably.

If in doubt, use a Named Entity or "friendly" code - such as º for the masculine ordinal º - if one exists for the character you want. These are unambiguous and should be interpreted the same way regardless of what code page the viewer's system is using.

The use of the 16-bit Unicode system is now gradually superceding the Windows-1252 character set. This encodes over 100,000 possible characters, arranged in blocks, although not all of them can be displayed by any given browser, and many of them require special fonts to be displayed at all. There are several different version of Unicode: the commonest is UTF-8, which uses the same character/number correspondences as OEM and Windows-1252 up to 127.

The characters in the Unicode blocks all have Unicode numbers but they can also be rendered as HTML codes, expressed in both decimal and hexadecimal form. For example the infinity sign ∞ is Unicode U+221E, HTML hexadecimal code ∞ and HTML decimal code ∞, where 8734 and 221e are the same number expressed in base-10 and base-16.

Ergo, any Unicode character-number can be converted into HTML code by taking off the initial "U+", converting any alphabetical characters in the remainder into lowercase, and bunging &#x in front of it and a semi-colon after it. But this does not guarantee that your browser will display it!

Fanfiction.net display issues

This page is intended primarily as a resource for users of Fanfiction.net, to keep them up to speed on what exotic characters can be used to make interesting section breaks, and what quite common characters are unable to be displayed by the various components of Fanfiction.net: a thing which changes every two or three months, every time the site does an upgrade. Therefore, the right-hand section of the table is devoted to noting how the different characters behave on Fanfiction.net. The meanings of the Ffn-related columns are as follows:

Stories

Will not display at all - the character will not save-and-display in Ffn story-text however you insert it.

Requires special font - these are characters which cannot be displayed properly in a Word document except by using a special font (usually Lucida Sans Unicode), although many of them can be uploaded successfully to Ffn, even if they appear as placeholder squares in Word.

Will not display alone - if this character, whether singly or in multiples of itself, is the sole character on a line of story-text, it will not be displayed. This also applies to lines which contain a mixture of characters no one of which will display solo.

Limited to n characters - some characters are restricted to blocks of a particular length in story-text, which may vary depending on how they are combined which characters in other categories. For an explanation of the categories and how they interact, see the Fanfiction.net How-To page.

HTML

	Will not upload as character - this character cannot be inserted into an HTML document as a character (rather than as a code) and then uploaded successfullly. This is usually because of the plain-text nature of HTML files, rather than because of a specific ffn issue.
	Character is simplified - if this character is inserted into an HTML document as a character rather than a code, and then uploaded, it will be converted into a plain-text equivalent. For example, the trademark sign ™ becomes (TM). Again, this is because of the plain-text nature of HTML files, rather than because of a specific ffn issue.
	Will not display Numeric Entity - if you enter the Numeric Entity code for this character in an HTML file and then upload it to ffn, the character will not be properly displayed. Usually it will be replaced by a place-holder square.
	Numeric Entity is simplified - if you enter the Numeric Entity code for this character in an HTML file and then upload it to ffn, the character will be simplified into a plain-text equivalent.
	Will not display decimal code - if you enter the decimal code for this character in an HTML file and then upload it to ffn, the character will not be properly displayed.
	Will not display Named Entity - if you enter the Named Entity code for this character in an HTML file and then upload it to ffn, the character will not be properly displayed.

Will not display in reviews - if you try to use this character in reviewing a story, when you send the review the character will be lost.

Will not display in messages - if you try to use this character in an Ffn Private Message, when you send the message the character will be lost.

Will not display in titles - if you try to use this character in the title of a story or chapter, when you save the title the character will be lost.

Will not display in summaries - if you try to use this character in the summary of a story, when you save the summary the character will be lost.

Character tables, in order first of Numeric Entity and then of decimal code

I have used Arial for most of the character samples in these tables, but some of them will not display in Arial on this website (even though in some cases they will do so on a spreadsheet) and require a Unicode font; and conversely some characters will display in Arial but not in a Unicode, so I had to mix'n'match them.

Characters shown on an azure ground are in Lucida Sans Unicode, those on a rose ground in MS Mincho and those on jade in Cambria Math. If you do not have a suitable Unicode font on your own PC or Mac, you may not be able to see these characters: if so, left-click on the character to display a small window showing how it ought to look. You will need to have pop-ups and Javascript enabled for this to work.

Because there are a lot of little columns, many of them relating to Fanfiction.net and just containing ticks, and readers may not want to keep scrolling back up to the head of the table to see which column is which, the cells in the table have tooltip labels which will display if you point your cursor at the bottom edge of the cell. Given the size of the header section, this seemed to be a simpler way of doing it than splitting the head and body of the table across two frames and keeping the headers always in view.

For those characters which have a tick in the "Requires special font" column, pointing at the tick will bring up a tooltip telling you what font you need to use that character in Word.

All keyboard characters and characters having Alt+ numbers or HTML Named Entity codes

Name: Alt + OEM Alt + ANSI HTML Numeric Entity HTML decimal code HTML hex code HTML Named Entity Ffn display issues
as at February 2010 Stories HTML Horizontal tab 9 9 	 	 	 Line feed 10 10 
 
 
 Carriage return 13 13    Space 32 32       Exclamation point or bang ! 33 033 ! ! ! ≤19 ✓ ✓ Quotation mark " 34 034 " " " " ≤19 ✓ ✓ Hash mark # 35 035 # # # ≤19 ✓ Dollar sign $ 36 036 $ $ $ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ Percent sign % 37 037 % % % ≤19 ✓ Ampersand & 38 038 & & & & ≤19 ✓ ✓ Apostrophe ' 39 039 ' ' ' ≤19 ✓ Left parenthesis ( 40 040 ( ( ( ≤19 ✓ ✓ Right parenthesis ) 41 041 ) ) ) ≤19 ✓ ✓ Asterisk * 42 042 * * * ≤19 ✓ Plus sign + 43, 187, 188, 191, 192, 195, 197, 200, 201, 206, 217, 218 043 + + + ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ Comma , 44 044 , , , ≤19 Hyphen - 45, 193, 194, 196, 202, 203, 205 045 - - - ≤19 ✓ Full stop or period . 46 046 . . . ≤19 ✓ Slash, virgule or solidus / 47 047 / / / ≤19 ✓ Digit 0 0 48 048 0 0 0 ≤19n Digit 1 1 49 049 1 1 1 ≤19n Digit 2 2 50 050 2 2 2 ≤19n Digit 3 3 51 051 3 3 3 ≤19n Digit 4 4 52 052 4 4 4 ≤19n Digit 5 5 53 053 5 5 5 ≤19n Digit 6 6 54 054 6 6 6 ≤19n Digit 7 7 55 055 7 7 7 ≤19n Digit 8 8 56 056 8 8 8 ≤19n Digit 9 9 57 057 9 9 9 ≤19n Colon : 58 058 : : : ≤19 Semi-colon ; 59 059 ; ; ; ≤19 ✓ Less than < 60 060 < < < < ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Equals sign = 61 061 = = = ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Greater than > 62 062 > > > > ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Question mark ? 63 063 ? ? ? ≤19 ✓ Commercial at sign @ 64 064 @ @ @ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ Capital letter A A 65 065 A A A ≤29 Capital letter B B 66 066 B B B ≤29 Capital letter C C 67 067 C C C ≤29 Capital letter D D 68 068 D D D ≤29 Capital letter E E 69 069 E E E ≤29 Capital letter F F 70 070 F F F ≤29 Capital letter G G 71 071 G G G ≤29 Capital letter H H 72 072 H H H ≤29 Capital letter I I 73 073 I I I ≤29 Capital letter J J 74 074 J J J ≤29 Capital letter K K 75 075 K K K ≤29 Capital letter L L 76 076 L L L ≤29 Capital letter M M 77 077 M M M ≤29 Capital letter N N 78 078 N N N ≤29 Capital letter O O 79 079 O O O ≤29 Capital letter P P 80 080 P P P ≤29 Capital letter Q Q 81 081 Q Q Q ≤29 Capital letter R R 82 082 R R R ≤29 Capital letter S S 83 083 S S S ≤29 Capital letter T T 84 084 T T T ≤29 Capital letter U U 85 085 U U U ≤29 Capital letter V V 86 086 V V V ≤29 Capital letter W W 87 087 W W W ≤29 Capital letter X X 88 088 X X X ≤29 Capital letter Y Y 89 089 Y Y Y ≤29 Capital letter Z Z 90 090 Z Z Z ≤29 Left square bracket [ 91 091 [ [ [ ≤19 ✓ ✓ Backslash \ 92 092 \ \ \ ≤19 ✓ Right square bracket ] 93 093 ] ] ] ≤19 ✓ ✓ Caret ^ 94 094 ^ ^ ^ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ Underscore _ 95, 176, 177, 178, 219, 220, 223, 242, 254 095 _ _ _ ≤19 ✓ ✓ Grave accent ` 96 096 ` ` ` ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ Small letter a a 97 097 a a a ≤29 Small letter b b 98 098 b b b ≤29 Small letter c c 99 099 c c c ≤29 Small letter d d 100 0100 d d d ≤29 Small letter e e 101 0101 e e e ≤29 Small letter f f 102 0102 f f f ≤29 Small letter g g 103 0103 g g g ≤29 Small letter h h 104 0104 h h h ≤29 Small letter i i 105 0105 i i i ≤29 Small letter j j 106 0106 j j j ≤29 Small letter k k 107 0107 k k k ≤29 Small letter l l 108 0108 l l l ≤29 Small letter m m 109 0109 m m m ≤29 Small letter n n 110 0110 n n n ≤29 Small letter o o 111 0111 o o o ≤29 Small letter p p 112 0112 p p p ≤29 Small letter q q 113 0113 q q q ≤29 Small letter r r 114 0114 r r r ≤29 Small letter s s 115 0115 s s s ≤29 Small letter t t 116 0116 t t t ≤29 Small letter u u 117 0117 u u u ≤29 Small letter v v 118 0118 v v v ≤29 Small letter w w 119 0119 w w w ≤29 Small letter x x 120 0120 x x x ≤29 Small letter y y 121 0121 y y y ≤29 Small letter z z 122 0122 z z z ≤29 Left curly bracket or brace { 123 0123 { { { ≤19 ✓ ✓ Vertical bar, Sheffer stroke or pipe | 124 0124 | | | ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ Right curly bracket or brace } 125 0125 } } } ≤19 ✓ ✓ Tilde (the one on your keyboard) ~ 126 0126 ~ ~ ~ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ Euro € 0128  € € € ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Low left single quote ‚ 0130  ‚ ‚ &sbquo; ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Florin ƒ 159 0131  ƒ ƒ &fnof; ∞ ✓ ✓ Low left double quote „ 0132  „ „ &bdquo; ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Horizontal ellipsis … 0133  … … … ≤19 ✓ ✓ Dagger † 0134  † † &dagger; ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Double dagger ‡ 0135  ‡ ‡ &Dagger; ≤19 ✓ ✓ Circumflex ˆ 0136  ˆ ˆ &circ; ∞ ✓ ✓ Permil ‰ 0137  &#8240 ‰ &permil; ≤19 ✓ ✓ Capital S, caron Š 0138  Š Š &Scaron; ∞ ✓ ✓ Less than sign ‹ 0139  ‹ ‹ &lsaquo; ≤19 ✓ ✓ Capital OE ligature Œ 0140  Œ Œ &OElig; ∞ ✓ ✓ Capital Z, caron Ž 0142  Ž Ž ∞ ✓ ✓ Left single quote ‘ 0145  ‘ ‘ ‘ ≤19 ✓ ✓ Right single quote ’ 0146  ’ ‐ ’ ≤19 ✓ ✓ Left double quote “ 0147  “ “ “ ≤19 ✓ ✓ Right double quote ” 0148  ” ” ” ≤19 ✓ ✓ Bullet • 0149  • • • ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ En dash – 0150  – – – ≤19 ✓ Em dash — 0151  — — — ≤19 ✓ Small tilde ˜ 0152  ˜ ˜ &tilde; ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Trademark ™ 0153  ™ ™ ™ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Small s, caron š 0154  š š &scaron; ∞ ✓ ✓ Greater than sign › 0155  › › &rsaquo; ≤19 ✓ ✓ Small oe ligature œ 0156  œ œ &oelig; ∞ ✓ ✓ Small z, caron ž 0158  ž ž ∞ ✓ ✓ Capital Y, umlaut Ÿ 0159  Ÿ Ÿ &Yuml; ∞ ✓ ✓ Nonbreaking space 0160         ≤19 ✓ Inverted exclamation point ¡ 173 0161 ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ≤19 ✓ Cent sign ¢ 189 0162 ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Pound sign £ 156 0163 £ £ £ £ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ General currency sign ¤ 15, 207 0164 ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Yen sign ¥ 190 0165 ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Broken vertical bar ¦ 179, 180, 185, 186, 204, 221 0166 ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Section sign § 21, 245 0167 § § § § ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Umlaut or diaeresis ¨ 249 0168 ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Copyright © 184 0169 © © © © ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Feminine ordinal ª 166 0170 ª ª ª ª ∞ ✓ Left angle quote or guillemot « 174 0171 « « « « ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Not sign ¬ 170 0172 ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Soft hyphen 240 0173     ≤19 Registered trademark ® 169 0174 ® ® ® ® ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Macron accent ¯ 238 0175 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Degree sign ° 248 0176 ° ° ° ° ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Plus or minus ± 241 0177 ± ± ± ± ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Superscript 2 ² 253 0178 ² ² ² ² ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Superscript 3 ³ 252 0179 ³ ³ ³ ³ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Acute accent ´ 239 0180 ´ ´ ´ ´ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Micro sign (Greek mu) µ 230 0181 µ µ µ µ ∞ ✓ Paragraph sign or pilcrow ¶ 20, 244 0182 ¶ ¶ ¶ ¶ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Middle dot · 250 0183 · · · · ≤19 ✓ Cedilla ¸ 247 0184 ¸ ¸ ¸ ¸ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Superscript 1 ¹ 251 0185 ¹ ¹ ¹ ¹ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Masculine ordinal º 167 0186 º º º º ∞ ✓ Right angle quote or guillemot » 175 0187 » » » » ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Fraction one-fourth ¼ 172 0188 ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Fraction one-half ½ 171 0189 ½ ½ ½ ½ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Fraction three-fourths ¾ 243 0190 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Inverted question mark ¿ 168 0191 ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ≤19 ✓ Capital A, grave accent À 183 0192 À À À À ∞ ✓ Capital A, acute accent Á 181 0193 Á Á Á Á ∞ ✓ Capital A, circumflex accent Â 182 0194 Â Â Â Â ∞ ✓ Capital A, tilde Ã 199 0195 Ã Ã Ã Ã ∞ ✓ Capital A, umlaut Ä 142 0196 Ä Ä Ä Ä ∞ ✓ Capital A, ring Å 143 0197 Å Å Å Å ∞ ✓ Capital AE ligature Æ 146 0198 Æ Æ Æ Æ ∞ ✓ Capital C, cedilla Ç 128 0199 Ç Ç Ç Ç ∞ ✓ Capital E, grave accent È 212 0200 È È È È ∞ ✓ Capital E, acute accent É 144 0201 É É É É ∞ ✓ Capital E, circumflex accent Ê 210 0202 Ê Ê Ê Ê ∞ ✓ Capital E, umlaut Ë 211 0203 Ë Ë Ë Ë ∞ ✓ Capital I, grave accent Ì 222 0204 Ì Ì Ì Ì ∞ ✓ Capital I, acute accent Í 214 0205 Í Í Í Í ∞ ✓ Capital I, circumflex accent Î 215 0206 Î Î Î Î ∞ ✓ Capital I, umlaut Ï 216 0207 Ï Ï Ï Ï ∞ ✓ Capital Eth, Icelandic Ð 209 0208 Ð Ð Ð Ð ∞ ✓ Capital N, tilde Ñ 165 0209 Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ ∞ ✓ Capital O, grave accent Ò 227 0210 Ò Ò Ò Ò ∞ ✓ Capital O, acute accent Ó 224 0211 Ó Ó Ó Ó ∞ ✓ Capital O, circumflex accent Ô 226 0212 Ô Ô Ô Ô ∞ ✓ Capital O, tilde Õ 229 0213 Õ Õ Õ Õ ∞ ✓ Capital O, umlaut Ö 153 0214 Ö Ö Ö Ö ∞ ✓ Multiply sign × 158 0215 × × × × ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Capital O, slash Ø 157 0216 Ø Ø Ø Ø ∞ ✓ Capital U, grave accent Ù 235 0217 Ù Ù Ù Ù ∞ ✓ Capital U, acute accent Ú 233 0218 Ú Ú Ú Ú ∞ ✓ Capital U, circumflex accent Û 234 0219 Û Û Û Û ∞ ✓ Capital U, umlaut Ü 154 0220 Ü Ü Ü Ü ∞ ✓ Capital Y, acute accent Ý 237 0221 Ý Ý Ý Ý ∞ ✓ Capital Thorn, Icelandic Þ 232 0222 Þ Þ Þ Þ ∞ ✓ Small sz ligature, German ß 225 0223 ß ß ß ß ∞ ✓ Small a, grave accent à 133 0224 à à à à ∞ ✓ Small a, acute accent á 160 0225 á á á á ∞ ✓ Small a, circumflex accent â 131 0226 â â â â ∞ ✓ Small a, tilde ã 198 0227 ã ã ã ã ∞ ✓ Small a, umlaut ä 132 0228 ä ä ä ä ∞ ✓ Small a, ring å 134 0229 å å å å ∞ ✓ Small ae ligature æ 145 0230 æ æ æ æ ∞ ✓ Small c, cedilla ç 135 0231 ç ç ç ç ∞ ✓ Small e, grave accent è 138 0232 è è è è ∞ ✓ Small e, acute accent é 130 0233 é é é é ∞ ✓ Small e, circumflex accent ê 136 0234 ê ê ê ê ∞ ✓ Small e, umlaut ë 137 0235 ë ë ë ë ∞ ✓ Small i, grave accent ì 141 0236 ì ì ì ì ∞ ✓ Small i, acute accent í 161 0237 í í í í ∞ ✓ Small i, circumflex accent î 140 0238 î î î î ∞ ✓ Small i, umlaut ï 139 0239 ï ï ï ï ∞ ✓ Small eth, Icelandic ð 208 0240 ð ð ð ð ∞ ✓ Small n, tilde ñ 164 0241 ñ ñ ñ ñ ∞ ✓ Small o, grave accent ò 149 0242 ò ò ò ò ∞ ✓ Small o, acute accent ó 162 0243 ó ó ó ó ∞ ✓ Small o, circumflex accent ô 147 0244 ô ô ô ô ∞ ✓ Small O, tilde õ 228 0245 õ õ õ õ ∞ ✓ Small o, umlaut ö 148 0246 ö ö ö ö ∞ ✓ Division sign ÷ 246 0247 ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Small o, slash ø 155 0248 ø ø ø ø ∞ ✓ Small u, grave accent ù 151 0249 ù ù ù ù ∞ ✓ Small u, acute acent ú 163 0250 ú ú ú ú ∞ ✓ Small u, circumflex accent û 150 0251 û û û û ∞ ✓ Small u, umlaut ü 129 0252 ü ü ü ü ∞ ✓ Small y, acute accent ý 236 0253 ý ý ý ý ∞ ✓ Small thorn, Icelandic þ 231 0254 þ þ þ þ ∞ ✓ Small y, umlaut ÿ 152 0255 ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ∞ ✓ Capital Alpha Α Α Α Α ∞ ✓ Capital Beta Β Β Β Β ∞ ✓ Capital Gamma Γ Γ Γ Γ ∞ ✓ Capital Delta Δ Δ Δ Δ ∞ ✓ Capital Epsilon Ε Ε Ε Ε ∞ ✓ Capital Zeta Ζ Ζ Ζ Ζ ∞ ✓ Capital Eta Η Η Η Η ∞ ✓ Capital Theta Θ Θ Θ Θ ∞ ✓ Capital Iota Ι Ι Ι Ι ∞ ✓ Capital Kappa Κ Κ Κ Κ ∞ ✓ Capital Lambda Λ Λ Λ Λ ∞ ✓ Capital Mu Μ Μ Μ Μ ∞ ✓ Capital Nu Ν Ν Ν Ν ∞ ✓ Capital Xi Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ ∞ ✓ Capital Omicron Ο Ο Ο Ο ∞ ✓ Capital Pi Π Π Π Π ∞ ✓ Capital Rho Ρ Ρ Ρ Ρ ∞ ✓ Capital Sigma Σ Σ Σ Σ ∞ ✓ Capital Tau Τ Τ Τ Τ ∞ ✓ Capital Upsilon Υ Υ Υ Υ ∞ ✓ Capital Phi Φ Φ Φ Φ ∞ ✓ Capital Chi Χ Χ Χ Χ ∞ ✓ Capital Psi Ψ Ψ Ψ Ψ ∞ ✓ Capital Omega Ω Ω Ω Ω ∞ ✓ Small alpha α α α α ∞ ✓ Small beta β β β β ∞ ✓ Small gamma γ γ γ γ ∞ ✓ Small delta δ δ δ δ ∞ ✓ Small epsilon ε ε ε ε ∞ ✓ Small zeta ζ ζ ζ ζ ∞ ✓ Small eta η η η η ∞ ✓ Small theta θ θ θ θ ∞ ✓ Small iota ι ι ι ι ∞ ✓ Small kappa κ κ κ κ ∞ ✓ Small lambda λ λ λ λ ∞ ✓ Small mu μ μ μ μ ∞ ✓ Small nu ν ν ν ν ∞ ✓ Small xi ξ ξ ξ ξ ∞ ✓ Small omicron ο ο ο ο ∞ ✓ Small pi π π π π ∞ ✓ Small rho ρ ρ ρ ρ ∞ ✓ Small final sigma ς ς ς &sigmaf; ∞ ✓ Small sigma σ σ σ σ ∞ ✓ Small tau τ τ τ τ ∞ ✓ Small upsilon υ υ υ υ ∞ ✓ Small phi φ φ φ φ ∞ ✓ Small chi χ χ χ χ ∞ ✓ Small psi ψ ψ ψ ψ ∞ ✓ Small omega ω ω ω ω ∞ ✓ Theta symbol ϑ ϑ ϑ &thetasym; ✓ ∞ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Upsilon symbol with hook ϒ ϒ ϒ &upsih; ✓ ∞ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Pi symbol ϖ ϖ ϖ ϖ ✓ ∞ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ En space     &ensp; Em space     &emsp; Thin space       Zero width non-joiner ‌ ‌ ‌ &zwnj; ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Zero width joiner ‍ ‍ ‍ &zwj; ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Left-to-right mark ‎ ‎ &lrm; Right-to-left mark ‏ ‏ &rlm; Minutes ′ ′ ′ ′ ≤19 ✓ Seconds ″ ″ ″ ″ ≤19 ✓ Overline ‾ ‾ ‾ &oline; ≤19 ✓ Fraction slash ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ &frasl; ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Blackletter capital I, imaginary part ℑ ℑ ℑ &image; ✓ ∞ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Script capital P, power set, Weierstrass p ℘ ℘ ℘ &weierp; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Blackletter capital R, real part symbol ℜ ℜ ℜ &real; ✓ ∞ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Alef symbol, first transfinite cardinal ℵ ℵ ℵ &alefsym; ✓ ∞ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Left arrow ← ← ← ← ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Up arrow ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Right arrow → → → → ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Down arrow ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Left right arrow ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Carriage return arrow ↵ ↵ ↵ &crarr; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Left double arrow ⇐ ⇐ ⇐ ⇐ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Up double arrow ⇑ ⇑ ⇑ &uArr; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Right double arrow ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Down double arrow ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ &dArr; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Left right double arrow ⇔ ⇔ ⇔ ⇔ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ For all ∀ ∀ ∀ ∀ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Partial differential ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ There exists ∃ ∃ ∃ ∃ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Empty, null set, diameter ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Nabla, backwards difference ∇ ∇ ∇ ∇ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Element of ∈ ∈ ∈ ∈ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Not an element of ∉ ∉ ∉ ∉ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Contains as member ∋ ∋ ∋ &ni; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ N-ary product, product sign ∏ ∏ ∏ ∏ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ N-ary summation ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Minus sign − − − − ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Asterisk operator ∗ ∗ ∗ &lowast; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Square root, radical sign √ √ √ √ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Proportional to ∝ ∝ ∝ &prop; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Infinity ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Angle ∠ ∠ ∠ &ang; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Logical and, wedge ∧ ∧ ∧ &and; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Logical or, V ∨ ∨ ∨ &or; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Intersection, cap ∩ ∩ ∩ ∩ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Union, cup ∪ ∪ ∪ ∪ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Integral ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Therefore ∴ ∴ ∴ &there4; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Tilde operator, varies with, similar to ∼ ∼ ∼ &sim; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Approximately equal to ≅ ≅ ≅ &cong; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Almost equal to ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Not equal to ≠ ≠ ≠ ≠ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Identical to ≡ ≡ ≡ &equiv; ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Less-than or equal to ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Greater-than or equal to ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Subset of ⊂ ⊂ ⊂ ⊂ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Superset of ⊃ ⊃ ⊃ ⊃ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Not a subset of ⊄ ⊄ ⊄ &nsub; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Subset of or equal to ⊆ ⊆ ⊆ &sube; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Superset of or equal to ⊇ ⊇ ⊇ &supe; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Circled plus, direct sum ⊕ ⊕ ⊕ &oplus; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Circled times, vector product ⊗ ⊗ ⊗ &otimes; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Up tack, orthoganal to, perpendicular ⊥ ⊥ ⊥ &perp; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Dot operator ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Left ceiling, APL upstile ⌈ ⌈ ⌈ &lceil; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Right ceiling ⌉ ⌉ ⌉ &rceil; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Left floor, APL downstile ⌊ ⌊ ⌊ &lfloor; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Right floor ⌋ ⌋ ⌋ &rfloor; ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Left-pointing angle bracket, bra 〈 〈 〈 &lang; ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Right-pointing angle bracket, ket 〉 〉 〉 &rang; ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Lozenge ◊ ◊ ◊ &loz; ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Spade ♠ ♠ ♠ &spades; ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Club ♣ ♣ ♣ &clubs; ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Heart ♥ ♥ ♥ &hearts; ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Diamond ♦ ♦ ♦ &diams; ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓

There are thousands more characters which do not have Named Entity or Alt+ codes, some of which will display in Ffn story-text. Many of those that will display on Ffn are on the ANSI code pages, and can be inserted into Word documents using the Insert - Symbol menu option, then saved and uploaded to Ffn, or copied and pasted into an existing file. They can be found at the extreme bottom end of the "(normal text)" font option under Symbol.

They do all have high-number decimal HTML codes which are listed somewhere in the Unicode section of FileFormat.Info, The Digital Rosetta Stone. If you want to find the codes for any of these, begin by finding them in Insert - Symbol (assuming you are using Word). Click on the character you are interested in, and then look at the "Subset:" pull-down at top-right of the Symbol dialogue. This will tell you what alphabet or character-group that character comes under, such as e.g. "Latin Extended-B".

Then go to FileFormat.Info's list of Unicode blocks, and look for the nearest match to that character group (they don't always have exactly the same names). Click on the block of characters you are interested in, select the "List with images" option, then scroll down till you find the character you are looking for. Click on the link to the left of the character's name and you will be taken to a page of information about that character, which includes "HTML entity (decimal)".

Alternatively, you can insert the character into a Word document, then copy and paste it into the Search box on FileFormat.Info. This will bring up a list of pages on FileFormat.Info which mention that character, including its own details page.

I have located codes for a few of these ANSI characters, shown below, and for a selection of other visually-attractive characters and shapes, because they all display correctly on Ffn and can be used to make visually-appealing section-breaks. Also shown are five Japanese characters which Ffn occasionally generates at Alt+0129, 0141, 0143, 0144 and 0157, although they shouldn't be there. These last have their Alt+ANSI numbers shown enclosed in square brackets and in italics, as they are not really part of the normal set but just an aberration of Ffn's.

All keyboard characters and characters having Alt+ numbers or HTML Named Entity codes

Name: Alt + OEM Alt + ANSI HTML Numeric Entity HTML decimal code HTML hex code HTML Named Entity Ffn display issues
as at February 2010 Stories HTML Capital H with stroke Ħ Ħ Ħ ∞ ✓ Capital T with stroke Ŧ Ŧ Ŧ ∞ ✓ Cyrillic/Ukrainian capital Ie Є Є Є ∞ ✓ Cyrillic capital De Д Д Д ∞ ✓ Cyrillic capital Zhe Ж Ж Ж ∞ ✓ Cyrillic capital I И И И ∞ ✓ Cyrillic capital Pe П П П ∞ ✓ Cyrillic capital Ef Ф Ф Ф ∞ ✓ Cyrillic capital Sha Ш Ш Ш ∞ ✓ Cyrillic capital E Э Э Э ∞ ✓ Cyrillic capital Yu Ю Ю Ю ∞ ✓ Cyrillic capital Ya Я Я Я ∞ ✓ Cyrillic small de д д д ∞ ✓ Cyrillic small zhe ж ж ж ∞ ✓ Cyrillic small pe п п п ∞ ✓ Cyrillic small ef ф ф ф ∞ ✓ Cyrillic small sha ш ш ш ∞ ✓ Cyrillic small yu ю ю ю ∞ ✓ Hebrew shin ש ש ש ∞ ✓ Arabic five-pointed star (often has more than five!) ٭ ٭ ٭ ∞ ✓ Arabic-Indic 5 ۵ ۵ ٥ ≤19n ✓ Arabic-Indic 7 ۷ ۷ ٧ ≤19 ✓ Arabic-Indic 8 ۸ ۸ ٨ ≤19 ✓ Reference mark ※ ※ ※ ✓ ≤19 ✓ Sheqel ₪ ₪ ₪ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Black square ■ ■ ■ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ White square □ □ □ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Black small square ▪ ▪ ▪ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ White small square ▫ ▫ ▫ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Black up-pointing triangle ▲ ▲ ▲ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ White up-pointing triangle △ △ △ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Black down-pointing triangle ▼ ▼ ▼ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ White down-pointing triangle ▽ ▽ ▽ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Black diamond ◆ ◆ ◆ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ White diamond ◇ ◇ ◇ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ White circle ○ ○ ○ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Bullseye ◎ ◎ ◎ ✓ ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ Black circle ● ● ● ✓ ≤19 ✓ ✓ ✓ White bullet ◦ ◦ ◦ ✓ ∞ ✓ ✓ ✓ Large circle ◯ ◯ ◯ ✓ ✓ ∞ ✓ CJK ideographic iteration mark 々 々 々 ✓ ∞ ✓ Katakana ti チ [0129] チ チ ✓ ∞ ✓ Katakana he ヘ [0141] ヘ ヘ ✓ ∞ ✓ Katakana ma マ [0143] マ マ ✓ ∞ ✓ Katakana mi ミ [0144] ミ ミ ✓ ∞ ✓ Katakana so ソ [0157] &#12477 ソ ✓ ∞ ✓ Chinese ideogram for sun 日 日 日 ✓ ∞ ✓ Chinese ideogram for ricefield 田 田 田 ✓ ∞ ✓

I do not have the HTML codes for most of the Word "symbol" characters, and they can't be saved in the plain text format of the underlying HTML document, so I cannot display them here in a copyable form . Rather than my spending days laboriously combing through FileFormat.Info to find HTML code-numbers for all of the hundreds of characters which are on the ANSI code pages, and which can be inserted into Word documents using Insert - Symbol, I have attached a .gif image of them, below. This shows all the ones which will display on Ffn, as at late October 2008. If you spot a character you like and which I haven't already listed, you can then find it yourself in Word.

Treat them with caution if you do use them on Ffn. Some of them are e.g. currency or mathematical signs which may fall into the category of characters which will not display in story text if they are the sole character on a line. Some of them, e.g. the Hebrew and Arabic characters, are set up to type from right to left, with strange results if you try to combine them with other characters.